Current Issue
Scientific Petroleum 2025, 1
GEOLOGY, GEOPHYSICS & FORMATION EVALUATION
N. A. Imamverdiyev, S. H. Jafarov Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan AzerGold, Baku, Azerbaijan |
The paper investigates the evolution in terms of geodynamical processes that played significant role in the formation of the Lesser Caucasus metallogenic province. Based on the geodynamic and paleotectonic data, Northern Iran and the Lesser Caucasus had an oceanic basin during the Permian-Triassic and were closed in the Upper Triassic, separating the divergent systems of Eurasia and Gondwana. Following regional uplift in the Late Triassic period, by the impact of tectonic factors of deep water Meso Tethys basin, Eurasia moved from south to north towards the Caucasus-Iranian borders. The divergent movement of oceanic plates as a result of spreading in deep-water basins created conditions for tectonic conditions, deep faults, and subduction in the later stages. As a result of the mentioned tectonic movements, the Goycha-Hakari ophiolite belt was formed at the intersection of the Pontic-South Caucasus collision zone with the Deralayaz block of the western Iranian microcontinent. In the Bajocian, geodynamic conditions began with intensive compression of the oceanic crust in the Caucasus segment of the Mediterranean rift province. As a result, volcano-plutonic granitoid magmatism forms Bajocian and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age volcanogenetic associations. As a result of subsequent tectonic activations, intrusive bodies or granite-porphyry dikes were injected into the fault zones and caused the formation of hydrothermal alteration halos bearing Cu, Mo, and Au mineralization. The Alpine-Himalayan fold belt continues its development as a collision zone of continental plates due to the closure of the Tethys Ocean at the end of the Cretaceous and beginning of the Paleogene. Keywords: The Lesser Caucasus; geodynamic conditions; Lok-Karabakh Island arc; continental collision zone; volcano-plutonic associations; Cu, Mo, and Au mineralization. e-mail: inazim17@yahoo.com Date submitted: 01.04.2025 Date accepted: 15.05.2025 |
| H. I. Shakarov, A. H. Abuzarova, Y. H. Kerimova, A. S. Humbatov, L. A. Jafarova “OilGasScientificResearchProject” İnstitute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan |
Based on Geophysical Well Logging (GWL) data, the study of thin beds promotes the significance of efficiency improvement in the interpretation results of geophysical materials, at the stages of both prospecting and exploration and development of oil-gas fields. One of the primary objectives in evaluating hydrocarbon reservoirs is to build a detailed reservoir model. A case study was carried out using GWL, Core Sample Analysis (CSA) and complex geological-geophysical data from several fields. Based on a novel methodical approach for analyzing and interpreting the geological-geophysical data referred to the heterogeneous thin beds with low-resistivity in the studied areas, the key factors affecting indicator parameters of layers were determined and their hydrocarbon saturation was estimated. A comparison of interpretation results of GWL based on a novel methodical approach with Perforation Inflow Test Analysis was carried out to assess the determining reliability in terms of saturation of heterogeneous thin beds in well sections. As illustrated in the correlation scheme derived from wells in a few reservoirs, layer alternations in the lower part of the NKG were identified through self-potential and gamma ray log responses. In certain wells, these variations appeared to be minimal. It is important to mention that resistivity curves are influenced by numerous factors, including measurement conditions within the borehole—such as temperature, pressure, and borehole size—as well as the properties of the formation water. The obtained results will allow for increased efficiency in the comprehensive analysis of GWL data and in general, effective field development. Keywords: Geophysical Well Logging; heterogeneous; thin beds; low resistivity; a novel approach; saturation; evaluation; Perforation Inflow Test Analysis. e-mail: hafiz.shekerov@socar.az Date submitted: 12.09.2025 Date accepted: 25.04.2025 |
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
N. I. Huseynova, E. E. Asgarov OilGasScientificResearchProject” İnstitute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan “Khazar” Unıversıty, Baku, Azerbaijan |
The criteria proposed in this article will assist making well-substantiated decisions under conditions of current data limitation on the formation, based on the analysis of the current hydrodynamic state of the study area of the productive formation, in order to increase the efficiency of oil and gas production in the field or in its defined zones. In the context of resource limitations and increasing demand for oil and gas, it is essential to develop methods that enable rapid and accurate reservoir diagnostics while simultaneously minimizing economic costs. The article proposes criteria that allow optimizing the impact on the formation based on an analysis of the current state of the formation. This article proposes the selection of injection wells based on the analysis of the current hydrodynamic distribution of fluids in the formation, taking into account well interference. The application of the program module developed in the MATLAB software, designed for mathematical and engineering calculations, enables consideration of the proposed criteria when selecting injection wells, which allows for more accurate and faster optimization of processes carried out on the field. The practical significance of the results is not only in the case of the considered field, but also in the fact that these criteria can be used for any field. The use of the proposed criteria allows solving many oil field problems. Keywords: productive formation, injection well, current hydrodynamic state, enhanced oil recovery, flow. e-mail: nahide.huseynova@socar.az Date submitted: 19.05.2025 Date accepted: 10.06.2025 |
PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS
Sh. P. Kazimov, K. K. Mehdiyev, Sh. Z. Tapdiqov, A. Q. Kerimova, F. F. Akhmed Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan SOCAR Head Office, Baku, Azerbaijan «OilGasScientificResearchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan |
In the study use of an oil-based chemical composition to protect the cement slurry used in the reinforcement of the area around the bottom hole from the aggressive effects of the medium. The reagent "Neftqaz 2016," based on polyamine compounds and by-products of plant oil production. The proposed composition was a mixture obtained by thermally processing gossypol with polyethylenepolyamine. It was determined that the reagent had a protective effect of 98.2% in a solution containing hydrogen sulfide at concentrations of 20-100 mg/L, and the degree of annihilate of sulfate-reducing bacteria was 90%. The cement slurry for the cementing process was prepared with a water-cement ratio of 0.50. The addition of 0.006-0.024% (by weight) of "Neftqaz 2016" to the cement slurry improved the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting mass. Additionally, the oil-based mixture's impact on the spreadability, setting time, and compressive strength of the cement stone under aggressive conditions, such as hydrogen sulfide gas, was investigated. It was shown that under normal conditions, as the percentage of "Neftqaz 2016" reagent increased in the dispersion medium, the parameters of both the cement slurry and the resulting cement mass improved. This increase in spreadability was explained by the partial interaction of water molecules, which were essential for the hydration of cement components, with the functional groups of the reagent via hydrogen bonding. Keywords: cement slurry: plant oil; injection; plugging; bottom hole; setting time; compressive strength. e-mail: shamo.z.tapdiqov@socar.az Date submitted: 16.01.2025 Date accepted: 21.04.2025 |
| M. E. Alsafarova, A. M. Samadov, C. G. Ganbarova, X. I. Hasanov «OilGasScientificReserchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Medical University, SRC, Baku, Azerbaijan |
This paper presents the results of the scientific research on the NDP-22M-1 composition, which has successfully passed laboratory tests aimed at preventing the deposition of heavy hydrocarbons in the production tubing of the wells with paraffinic oil and in other transportation pipelines. The main relevance of the paper is the method for preventing asphaltene -resin -paraffin deposits (ARPD) that occur during the operation of the wells with paraffinic oil. The deposition of heavy hydrocarbons in the production tubing and other transport pipelines generates a counter hydraulic resistance to the movement of the fluid (oil) from the reservoir to the surface and to the receiving station, ultimately leading to the formation of ARPD. NDP-22M-1 composition has been developed to deal with this. This technology can be applied in reservoirs containing asphaltenes, bitumen, paraffin, and other heavy hydrocarbons. By using the “cold fingers” method under laboratory conditions, it was determined that by adding 200 grams of the reagent per ton of produced oil, heavy hydrocarbon deposits can be reduced up to 72.5%. This reagent favorably affects the rheological properties of heavy hydrocarbon oils, ensuring the removal of ARPD from various parts of the system — from the filter portion within the well, via both surface and underground communications starting from the wellhead discharge lines up to the receiving station. As a result, the regular functioning of the well is restored and oil productivity of the reservoir increased. In its turn, this can extend the interval between well repairs by 2.5 times, which is highly advantageous from the economic point of view. Keywords: paraffin; asphaltene; resin; reagent; deposit; well bottom zone; porosity; depressurizer. e-mail: matanat.alsafarova@socar.az Date submitted: 15.04.2025 Date accepted: 22.05.2025 |
| M. R. Manafov, F. R. Shikhieva, K. I. Matiyev, H. T Aliyeva Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry named after academician M.Nagiyev, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan «OilGasScientificReserchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan Institute of Information Technology, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan |
Deemulsification and desalination of West Absheron oils were studied using demulsifiers based on nonionic surfactants. It was determined that the effectiveness of the demulsification process depends on the type of applied nonionic surfactant and solvent. It was found that the temperature has a more effective impact on the demulsification process than the consumption of the demulsifier. The properties of the obtained demulsifier were compared with Dissolvan-4397 and it was determined that the effectiveness of the proposed demulsifier for West Absheron oils was higher. The scientific originality of the proposed study is the creation of an empirical mathematical model of the process and the fact that the produced demulsifier has a higher activity for West Absheron oils. Based on the principle of empirical modeling, a mathematical model of the demulsification process was built. A comparative analysis of model calculations proves that it is adequate and describes the process with high accuracy. The kind of nonionic surfactant and solvent used in the demulsifier᾽s formulation determines its effect. It was shown that temperature has a more effective effect on the demulsification process than demulsifier consumption. The consumption of the deemulsifier at 30 °C must be increased six times, from 50 g/t to 300 g/t, in order to achieve the impact that is achieved when the temperature is raised from 30 °C to 70 °C, or 40 °C. It was emphasized that non-linear and power functions have a wide perspective in the modeling of oil preparation and refining. Keywords: emulsion; demulsifier; demulsification; residual water; chloride salts; non-linear functions. e-mail: mmanafov@gmail.com Date submitted: 19.02.2025 Date accepted: 21.05.2025 |
E. Abdullayeva, Sh. P. Kazimov, L. Hajikarimova, E. Azimova «OilGasScientificReserchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan |
In Azerbaijan, most of the hydrocarbon reserves are confined to fields with uncemented and weakly cemented formations. The operation of wells in these fields is accompanied by intense sand ingress, which prevents fluid flow from the reservoir to the well and leads to a reduction in oil production rates. Many methods are used to control sand ingress, such as the treatment of the wellbore bottom zone with chemical compositions, the installation of anti-sand filters of various designs. However, despite the effectiveness of these methods, sand continues to enter wells exploiting uncapped reservoirs in significant quantities. A significant amount of sand particles and mechanical impurities are carried into the well and settle downhole, forming sand plugs. Over time, these sand plugs become thicker and harder to penetrate, making it more difficult for hydrocarbons to flow into the well and, in some cases, leading to a complete shut-in of the well. One of the most effective methods of removing sand from wells is the sand plug washing process. The selection of washing fluid is critical to the success of the sand plug washing process. To this end, studies have been carried out to develop a composition containing the following surfactants. A sand plug washing composition has been developed containing anionic surfactant as a foaming agent, aluminium nanoparticles with a size of 50-70 nm, air as a gas phase and seawater or industrial water. Keywords: well; mechanical impurities; sand ingress; sand plug; washing; washing fluid; surfactants; aluminium nanoparticles; degree of aeration. e-mail: elmira.s.abdullayeva@socar.az Date submitted: 08.10.2024 Date accepted: 30.04.2025 |
| N. A. Agayeva, T. S. Kengerli, G. R. Agayeva «OilGasScientificReserchProject» Institute, SOCAR, Baku, Azerbaijan Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Azerbaijan Republic |
Improving the efficiency of the oil compression process in reservoirs depends largely on studying the factors affecting it in real conditions. For this purpose, building a model of the process taking into account the real processes occurring during oil compression and studying the process on it has both scientific and practical importance. It is known that the heterogeneity of the layer has a great impact on the oil compression process. It affects the coverage ratio of the compression fluid in the oil compression process. A heterogeneous layer means that its filtration and porosity coefficients are variable and interrupted. It should be noted that the layer can be stratified and zonally heterogeneous. On the other hand, if there is a hydrodynamic connection between the layers, it will have a great impact on the oil compression process. The work in question is dedicated to building a mathematical model of the oil compression process by injected water in a heterogeneous layer. To improve the process of oil compression, a mathematical model of the process is first established and studied, taking into account the main factors affecting this process. Oil with relatively low viscosity can be extracted by compression by relatively low fluid under other same conditions. From the analytical expressions obtained from the mathematical model, the production increases during the oil compression process by water in heterogeneous layers, and the compression time is determined based on the given parameters. Keywords: production; reservoir; pressure; heterogeneous; dynamic viscosity; steady state; compression time. e-mail: nurlana.a.aghayeva@socar.az Date submitted: 23.04.2025 Date accepted: 03.06.2025 |
Scientific Petroleum 2025, 1
